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- JANUARY
-
- January 1
- Discovery of the Planetoids by Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi (1801).
- First oil discovered in Texas, by the Spindletop drilling rig, at Beaumont (1901).
-
- January 3
- Howard Carter discovered the sarcophagus in Tutankhamun's tomb, Egypt (1924).
- British explorer Sir Edmund Hillary reached the South Pole (1958).
-
- January 4
- Columbus sailed from America back to Spain (1493).
-
- January 7
- Galileo discovered four of Jupiter's satellites (1610).
-
- January 8
- French explorer La Salle reached Niagara Falls, Canada (1679).
-
- January 10
- The tomb of Cleopatra was discovered (1890).
-
- January 18
- Captain Cook discovered Hawaii (1778).
-
- January 24
- Gold was first discovered at Sutter's sawmill in California (1848).
-
- January 26
- Brazil was discovered by Vincente Yáñes Pinzón (1500).
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- FEBRUARY
-
- February 7
- Main group of the Dead Sea Scrolls found in caves on the Jordan River (1947).
-
- February 22
- First effective drug against tuberculosis discovered by Dr Selman Abraham Waksman, USA (1946).
-
- February 27
- Captain John Briscoe discovered Antarctica (1831).
- First details about the discovery of saccharine published, Baltimore, USA (1879).
-
- February 29
- First pulsar discovered by English astronomer Jocelyn Bell (1967).
-
- MARCH
-
- March 6
- Aspirin patented by chemist Felix Hoffman (1899).
-
- March 10
- Japanese soldier discovered hiding on Lubang Island, Philippines, unaware that World War II had
- ended (1974).
-
- March 13
- Discovery of the Planet Uranus by William Herschel, German-born British astronomer (1781).
-
- March 18
- Discovery of the Planet Pluto by US astronomer Clyde Tombaugh (1930).
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- APRIL
-
- April 8
- Spanish explorer named Juan Ponce de Leon discovered Florida (1513).
-
- April 20
- French explorer Jacques Cartier discovered the coast of Labrador, North America (1534).
-
- April 22
- Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil (1500).
-
- April 28
- English explorer James Cook became the first European to discover Australia, Botany Bay (1770).
-
- MAY
-
- May 9
- Christopher Columbus began his fourth voyage (1502).
-
- May 17
- Mississippi River discovered (1673).
-
- May 21
- St Helena was discovered by the Portuguese navigator, João da Nova Castell (1502).
-
- JUNE
-
- June 15
- Captain Scott set out on his ill-fated expedition to the South Pole (1910).
-
- JULY
-
- July 3
- Québec was discovered by French explorer Samuel Champlain (1608).
-
- July 8
- Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese navigator, left Lisbon for a voyage on which he discovered the Cape
- route to India (1497).
-
- July 11
- Captain James Cook sailed from Plymouth on his final voyage (1776).
-
- July 13
- English mountaineer Edward Whymper completed the first ascent of the Matterhorn, Alps (1865).
-
- July 24
- Canada discovered by Frenchman Jacques Cartier (1534).
-
- July 27
- Insulin was discovered by Canadian physiologist Dr Frederick Grant Banting and his assistant
- Charles Best (1921).
-
- July 31
- Christopher Columbus discovered Trinidad on his third voyage (1498).
-
- AUGUST
-
- August 1
- Christopher Columbus discovered the American mainland and named it Santa Isla believing it to be
- an island (1498).
-
- August 3
- Christopher Columbus left Palos de la Frontera, Spain, on his first voyage of discovery (1492).
- Source of the Nile, Lake Victoria, discovered by English explorer, John Speke (1858).
-
- August 11
- The moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, discovered by US astronomer Asaph Hall (1877).
-
- August 27
- Oil discovered in the USA at Titusville by Edwin Drake (1859).
-
- SEPTEMBER
-
- September 12
- Henry Hudson sailed into New York Harbour and up to Albany to discover the river named after him
- (1609).
- Lascaux Caves containing prehistoric wall paintings, discovered by a French car mechanic (1940).
-
- September 23
- Johann Galle, German astronomer, discovered the planet Neptune (1846).
-
- September 30
- Alexander Fleming announced his discovery of penicillin (1928).
-
- OCTOBER
-
- October 12
- Christopher Columbus discovered the New World naming it San Salvador (1492).
-
- NOVEMBER
-
- November 4
- Tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter and
- Lord Carnarvon (1922).
-
- November 16
- Longest river in Australia, the Murray, discovered by Australian explorer Hamilton Hume (1824).
-
- November 19
- Christopher Columbus discovered Puerto Rico, on his second voyage to the New World (1493).
-
- November 22
- Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator, rounded the Cape of Good Hope in his search to discover a
- route to India (1497).
-
- November 24
- Tasmania discovered by Dutch navigator Abel Tasman (1642).
-
- November 28
- Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese navigator, discovered an ocean which he named the Pacific (1520).
-
- DECEMBER
-
- December 6
- Christopher Columbus discovered Haiti and the Dominican Republic (1492).
-
- December 9
- The Macquarie River in Australia was discovered by George Evans (1813).
-
- December 13
- New Zealand discovered by Dutch navigator Abel Tasman (1642).
-
- December 26
- Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium (1898).
-
- December 27
- Charles Darwin set sail in the Beagle on his voyage of scientific discovery (1831).
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